Throat Cancer – Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment
Throat Cancer refers to cancer that develops in your voice box or throat. Throat cancer usually starts in the flat cells that line the inside of your throat. Your throat is a muscular tube that runs from behind your nose to your neck. The voice box, which is located just below the throat, is also susceptible to throat cancer. The voice box is made of cartilage and contains the vocal cords that vibrate to make sounds when you talk.
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Types of Throat Cancer | Asthma Bhawan
Throat cancer is a broad term for cancer that develops in the throat or voice box. Though most throat cancers involve the same types of cells, specific terms are used to distinguish the location of cancer in the throat.
- Glottic cancer begins in the vocal cords.
- Nasopharyngeal cancer begins in the nasopharynx- which is the area of your throat just behind your nose.
- Supraglottic cancer begins in the upper portion of the voice box and includes cancer of the epiglottis, a piece of cartilage that prevents food from entering your windpipe.
- Oropharyngeal cancer begins in the oropharynx- the area of your throat directly behind your mouth that contains your tonsils.
- Hypopharyngeal cancer- the lower portion of your throat, just above your windpipe and esophagus.
- Subglottic cancer begins in the lower part of your voice box, beneath your vocal cords.
Causes of Throat Cancer
Throat cancer develops when the cells in your throat undergo genetic mutations. These mutations cause cells to proliferate uncontrollably and to live after healthy cells would normally die. The accumulating cells in your throat can cause a tumor.
Symptoms of Throat Cancer
Signs and symptoms of Throat cancer may include:
- Voice changes, such as hoarseness or difficulty speaking clearly.
- A cough.
- A lump of sore that doesn’t heal.
- Difficulty swallowing.
- Ear pain.
- A sore throat.
- Weight loss.
Diagnosis of Throat Cancer
To diagnose throat cancer, your doctor may recommend it:
- Using a scope to get a closer look at your throat: During an endoscopy procedure, your doctor may use a special lighted scope to get a close look at your throat. The endoscope camera sends images to a video screen, which your doctor watches for signs of abnormalities in your throat.
- Removing a tissue sample for testing: If abnormalities are discovered during laryngoscopy or endoscopy, your doctor can pass surgical instruments through the scope to collect a tissue sample. Then the sample is sent to a laboratory for examination.
- Imaging tests: Imaging tests include magnetic resonance imaging, computerized tomography, and positron emission tomography, which may help your doctor to determine the extent of your cancer beyond the surface of your throat or voice box.
Treatment of Throat Cancer
Your treatment options are based on many factors, such as the type of cells involved, the location and stage of your throat cancer, whether the cells show HPV infection signs, your overall health, and also your proclivity. There are some treatments given below:
- Radiation therapy.
- Surgery.
- Chemotherapy.
- Immunotherapy.
- Rehabilitation after treatment.
- Supportive care.
Conclusion
In conclusion, throat cancer is a serious and potentially life-threatening condition that can affect individuals of all ages. While the exact causes of throat cancer are not fully understood, tobacco use and excessive alcohol consumption are two of the most common risk factors. Other factors, such as exposure to certain chemicals and viruses, can also contribute to the development of this disease.
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